Description
Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E₁ analog that mimics the action of naturally occurring prostaglandins. It is used for various purposes, including prevention of gastric ulcers, medical termination of pregnancy, labor induction, and management of postpartum hemorrhage. Misoprostol acts on smooth muscle cells, promoting uterine contractions and cervical softening, making it a key agent in obstetric care.
Mechanism of Action:
Misoprostol binds to prostaglandin receptors on the surface of smooth muscle cells. In the gastrointestinal tract, it inhibits acid secretion and increases mucus production, providing gastric protection. In the uterus, it induces strong uterine contractions and promotes cervical ripening by increasing collagenase activity, helping with pregnancy termination or labor induction.
Uses:
- Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
- Medical abortion (usually in combination with mifepristone)
- Cervical ripening and labor induction
- Management of incomplete or missed miscarriage
- Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)
