Description
Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride is a versatile first-generation antihistamine with both peripheral antiallergic and central anxiolytic/sedative properties. It is used for managing allergic pruritus, acute anxiety, and as preoperative sedation, with additional utility in sleep disorders and nausea.
Mechanism of Action:
Hydroxyzine acts as a competitive antagonist at peripheral H1 histamine receptors, reducing histamine-mediated allergic responses such as vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and sensory nerve stimulation (itching). Additionally, hydroxyzine exhibits central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity by suppressing activity in key subcortical regions, including the hypothalamus. This confers anxiolytic, sedative, and antiemetic properties. The drug also exhibits anticholinergic and mild antispasmodic effects.
Uses:
- Symptomatic relief of pruritus due to allergic conditions (e.g., chronic urticaria, atopic and contact dermatitis)
- Management of anxiety and tension associated with psychoneurosis and as an adjunct in organic disease states
- Preoperative and postoperative sedation
- Nausea and vomiting adjunct (especially in perioperative settings)
- Insomnia (secondary to anxiety or allergy)
- Alcohol withdrawal (as an adjunct)
- Motion sickness (alternative agent)
